Habeas Corpus Essay

Course Date This paper centers for the most part around the general importance of the privilege of habeas corpus as indicated by the U.S constitution, habeas relationship with common freedoms, chronicled advancement and the American and English customs of the writ. Test cases in history of suspension of opportunity of habeas corpus and today’s appropriateness of the writ is likewise given. The paper additionally gives and investigation of the importance of habeas corpus to the current U.S. circumstance in handling fear based oppression. Simultaneously, it clarifies understanding of the privilege of habeas corpus by the Supreme Court in United States as for ‘enemy combatant’ or unlawful warriors. At long last, assessment of different perspectives on habeas corpus, communicated by equity of the High Court, Government pioneers in different branches and examiners in both well known and scholarly press is given toward the finish of the paper. Habeas Corpus is a call that might be given to bring a gathering under the watchful eye of an appointed authority or court, having as its capacity the liberating of the gathering from illicit control or the citizen’s option to get such a bring. Habeas corpus alludes to the legitimate guide which holds that a detainee may not be kept in confinement without admirable motivation. Habeas writ is a solicitation, gave to the caretaker of an individual apprehended (jail, authority, police, and sheriff). It requires the superintendent to bring the charged individual into court alongside whatever proof the caretaker is utilizing to approve proceeding with the guardianship (Gregory et al., 2013) The American constitution concedes an individual the option to address control under the steady gaze of an adjudicator. Strikingly; the encroachment of the privilege of habeas corpus has not been the harshest of common opportunities that have been given to the two residents in U.S and those of different states. The privilege of Habeas grants a detainee to pinpoint the ensured that have been during a preliminary broken upon consequently securing the detainee. The historical backdrop of Habeas corpus is antiquated. Habeas corpus started essenti ally from Anglo-Saxon precedent-based law. It came after the 1215 Magna Carta. From that point forward, the practiceâ surrounding the Habeas corpus writ has developed. The writ from has been obliged to concede an appearance of a confined individual to be brought under the watchful eye of an appointed authority. Initially the habeas corpus was a ‘privileged writ’ of the King and courts. Be that as it may, it has developed after some time it has into a right writ began by the individual imprisoned or caretaker as opposed to by the King and courts. The habeas corpus originates from the way that that the legislature should either implicate any blamed or set him free. Contrasted with other common freedoms, the writ of habeas corpus fills a similar need as the right to speak freely of discourse. Individuals are given the opportunity to talk reality, yet to likewise remain in court to give proof on some blamelessness. Also, the qualification to habeas corpus gives an individual benefit to practice their entitlement to lawful portrayal (Habeas corpus, 2010). The individuals who established the constitution realized that the privilege of habeas corpus was significant. From individual occurrences they had a comprehension on how it felt to be seen as a foe warrior, detained inconclusively, and not allowed to show up under the watchful eye of an impartial adjudicator. So as to annihilate this disturbing instrument of mistreatment, the Constitution authors had more goals to spare the Americans from such government mishandles. (Rutherford Institute, 2013). The Habeas Corpus was classified by the congress in 1879 in the fourteenth area of the Judiciary Act. In the U.S history, the habeas corpus has been suspended severally. The habeas corpus has been suspended multiple times since the Constitution was sanctioned. In 1861, the first habeas corpus suspension was made. It occurred in Maryland state and a few locales in Midwestern. It was finished by the then President Abraham Lincoln in answer to mobs and nearby state army power activity, just as the danger that Maryland would part from the Union. Through this suspension Lincoln allowed the confinement of local army individuals, war detainees, and claimed tricksters to be kept in hostage for the term of the common war without preliminary. The subsequent suspension happened in the mid 1870s during Recons truction accordingly by President Ulysses S. Award to social liberties infringement by the Klan of Ku Klux. It was then confined to nine regions in South Carolina. President Bush additionally suspended the privilege of habeas corpus on 17TH October, 2006. The president passed a given law that suspended the privilege of habeas corpus to people that the legislature saw as adversaries in the battle against worldwide fear. A few reactions came about because of this with the law being charged ofâ failing to figure out who is and who no â€Å"enemy combatant† is (Walker, 2006). The habeas corpus is urgent to the contemporary U.S. circumstance in the war on fear. In handling war and dread, individuals are captured, and the privilege of litigants to be charged for war or fear violations ought to be placed into thought. The suspects should be gone after for that wrongdoing in an opportune way. The legislature must legitimize confinement of any individual under the privilege of habeas corpus. They ought to give confirmation of holding the individual under authority. Inability to give proof, they should liberate the prisoners. In any case, a conte ntion happens on whether the administration can essentially keep the war/dread suspects for long lengths of time as â€Å"enemy combatants† without accusing them of a specific wrongdoing. For quite a long time, the significance of the privilege of habeas corpus has continually been affirmed by the U.S. Preeminent Court. Be that as it may, there exist a few contradictions with regards to how the court makes an understanding of the privilege of habeas corpus with thought of foe warriors or unlawful soldiers. U.S most noteworthy court has come into analysis with regards to the privileges of habeas corpus of foe soldiers. To begin with, the court doesn't give great or standard meaning of who is any foe warrior and who isn't. The court has held opposing investigations of the Constitution and of activities to be sought after on account of privileges of habeas corpus to unlawful warriors. The government and military court associations have been given an order to deal with such case. The 5-4 decision in Boumediane v. Hedge gives an away from of how the Supreme Court deciphers the privilege to habeas corpus. From the decisions of cases in this situation, even the â€Å"illega l adversary combatants† held in Guantanamo had sacred right to habeas corpus. In the Guantã ¡namo cases, the administration was of the sentiment that non-residents as adversary warriors outside the nation have no privileges of habeas corpus that the Supreme Court restricted. The Supreme Court held that noncitizens kept by American government in region over which another nation have any rights under the American Constitution. The Supreme Court lives with the constitution that; the habeas corpus opportunity will not be suspended, aside from in instances of upheaval or attack of the wellbeing of the general population. The president as the president has the ability to utilize gave powers. The Suspension Clause isn't relevant to the President. In any case, for different reasons the strategy of coincidental forces does in the Constitution. He can just do as such in real battlefield. The president doesn't have the authority of setting up hearings for the preliminary and sentence of guilty parties, regardless of whether military or customary residents. The main ti me he/she can do that is through the assent of Congress and in instances of taking essential controls. The congress assumes a significant job in suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. The Constitution predominately offers forces to the Congress to suspend the habeas writ. It has the ability to suspend it through governmental policy regarding minorities in society. The congress can likewise suspend the writ through an express designation to the Executive. The Executive isn't approved to suspend the writ of habeas corpus. Such suspension can happen in instances of common war when state detainees are held in care infringement of the government law (Latima, 2011). The Supreme Court assumes a significant job in the insurance of common freedoms, including the legal way of thinking. In the event that the Supreme Court accepts that the demonstrations of the chosen branches in legal executive damage the Constitution, it has the ability to upset them. By so doing, the Supreme Court can endeavor to keep the chose branches from encroaching common freedoms. One such situation is the Boumediene v. Hedge. For this situation, through its laws, the Supreme Court suspended the bene fit to habeas corpus for people who were viewed as illicit warriors in the war on dread. Such activities are the indication of the pretended by Supreme Court in satisfying the job of securing common freedoms. There is an exceptionally tremendous Catch 22 with regards to taking a gander at common freedoms and harmonization with the state security (Brysk, 2007). For instance, confining a dread suspect for quite a long time appears to be fit for the state and yet unlawful. In the battle against dread, finding some kind of harmony between the freedoms of people and a call for powerful examination isn't simple. It is an exceptionally troublesome exercise in careful control. In the mission to upset and dissuade fear based oppression, insurance of the common freedoms and the protected privileges of all Americans is required. One can't accomplish each without the other and they should be done both and do them well indeed. In rundown, there is need of appropriate comprehension of the habeas corpus and the constitution too. Since the authorization of habeas corpus Clause has been a focal point of contentions day in day out. It is the high time the issue is taken acutely and comprehended for the last time. Aside from appropriate comprehension of the habeas corpus, alteration ought to be done to factor in all partners and reduceâ the reactions. References Habeas corpus: From England to realm. (2010). Cambridge, Mass: Bel

One Hundred Years Of Solitude Essays (1610 words) - Thousand Cranes

One Hundred Years of Solitude Since the get-go, man has clung to the idea that there exists some outside power that decides his fate. In Grecian occasions, the epic writer Hesoid composed of a triumvirate of fanciful Fates that as far as anyone knows gave to men during childbirth underhanded and great to have. At the end of the day, these three conceded man his predetermination. Clotho spun the string of life, Lacheis conveyed the parts, and Atropos with his loathed shears would cut the string at death(Hamilton-43). All endeavors to stay away from the Fates were futile. In each case their sentence would in the end be conveyed. What's more, it creates the impression that once the Fates' polling form had been thrown, the characters in Greek legends got no opportunity for recovery. One must think about whether man, as the Greeks depicted, has any genuine decision in deciding how he lives. That issue of decision emerges when looking at Gabriel Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude and Yasunari Kawabata's Thousand Cranes. The men in Yasunari Kawabata's Thousand Cranes and Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude always appear to rehash the lives of their male progenitors. These cycles uncover that man as a being, much the same as the fanciful legends, has no evident decision in the extreme course his life will take. The male characters' close to home advancement is dominated by the personality of their progenitors. Clotho, it shows up, has reused a portion of her turning string. The new male ages, cursorily, are seen to be woven of like plan. Kikuji Mitani and the male Buendia's face networks that recall their precursors. Accordingly, their one of a kind networks incidentally contrast the activities of the children with their particular fathers', having perceived the obvious likenesses. Obscured by his father's quality, inside his town, Kikuji's personality has no different definition. To most townsfolk, similar to those at Chikako's tea service, Kikuji exists as Old Mr. Mitani's son(16). He and his dad are along these lines saw as basically a similar individual. Kikuji can take no activity to change the town's preformed observation. Interestingly, The Aurelianos and Jose Arcadios have been set into a self that their name, not their childhood, direct. Ursula, after numerous years reached a few determinations about the relentless reiteration of names(106) inside the Buendia family. While the oldest Jose Arcadio Buendia was marginally insane, his crude maleness is moved to all the Jose Arcadio's that follow. They would in general be hasty and ambitious however set apart with a heartbreaking sign(186). On the other hand, the Aurelianos, relating to the open-peered toward Colonel, appear to be indifferent(15) and withdrawn(186) yet started with a bold curiosity(15). The Aurelianos' inclination towards isolation that shut the Colonel away in his later years, would ages later, give his inaccessible relative Aureliano Babilonia the endurance to disentangle Melquiades scriptures(422). All together, custom appeared to impact the course these men's live's would take similarly that Kikuji's discernment by his locale trimmed him into the way of his dad. Furthermore, similarly as Kikuji couldn't change the towns preformed assessments, the named Buendia guys can have no hand in changing their given characters. The men's choice of darlings, thusly, keeps on sustaining their pattern of conduct imparted to their family members. In spite of alerts, Kikuji Mitani and the Buendia men take part in risky sexual movement that harbors grave results. Lacheis' parts, for this situation, are unavoidable. Decision and free activity are unthinkable for these men since Lacheis has conveyed the familial key to their female attractions. There is a scary contort in Kikuji's Mitani's relationships with his dad's fancy woman and her little girl. His first experience with Mrs. Ota leaves Kikuji dubious of the issue where agewise, Mrs. Ota was in any event forty-five , nearly twenty years more seasoned than Kikuji(28). Be that as it may, regardless of the age hole, during their experience Kikuji had felt that he had a lady more youthful than he in his arms(28). Mrs. Ota had subbed Kikuji as his dad, in this way compelling Kikuji to follow in his dads strides. Kikuji isn't absent to the weird way his adoration life is by all accounts taking, yet he sits idle to stand up to. Rather, an insubordinate Kikuji attesting that he had not been enticed decides, it was something different that had attracted him to her. The something different was

Building 4 Odyssey

Building 4 Odyssey I very much agree with what Jess wrote about your comments on Stus entry this is a challenging time for the MIT admissions office, and hearing your thoughts, whether supportive or critical, is always enlightening. As I wrote back in February, Im reading three heavy-duty books in the class 21L.702 Studies in Fiction: James Joyce and the Legacy of Modernism. Joyces Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man were both difficult but possible to understand. I really enjoyed both of them, and am fairly confident that I knew what was going on in each book. I havent often feel this way at MIT, so I was enjoying it. Ulysses is something else. It is the most formidable piece of literature I have ever attempted, and, not gonna lie, its been rough. Between the changing narrative styles, extensive vocabulary (250,000 words from a vocabulary of 30,000 words), and hundreds of jokes/puns/foreign phrases that require 700 pages of annotations, it is a monster to read let alone understand. But enough complaining. I am in a superb lit class that is tackling this book, and I diligently take pages of notes each class to supplement my reading comprehension. All good, right? Not last Tuesday, when I left my copy of Ulysses, along with my awesome notebook of class notes from Dubliners, Portrait, and Ulysses in the Building 4 Athena Cluster. I rushed out of the cluster around 5:15 PM when I got an urgent email, and forgot to bring my books with me. When I went back around 8:00 PM to pick them up, they were gone. Yikes. On Wednesday morning, after a sleepless night (not kidding), I went to the undergraduate math office in the same hallway and asked if anyone had dropped off my books. Nope. I then left a short note in the unlucky terminal that said, If you found a brown notebook or the book Ulysses, please contact [email], thanks! By Thursday, I was pretty bummed, since I figured that if the person who took my books hadnt contacted me within a day, they were as good as gone. With my last drop of optimism, I turned to the Athena gods. My awesome friend Phil 07 taught me the useful Athena command last. I typed this in on the Athena computer I had used Tuesday and learned the names of the last ~40 people who had logged in on the same computer. I emailed the following message to the 3 users who were there between 5:15 PM and 8:00 PM Tuesday Hey [Name], I left my copy of Ulysses by James Joyce in the bldg 4 Athena cluster, and I see you logged on after me. Did you happen to pick my book and notebook? If so, I'd be happy to come get it from you Thanks, Mitra I got some very thoughtful responses, like Hi Mitra, I'm afraid I haven't seen it. Good luck and Hi Mitra, Sorry, I was actually in a rush to print something out, I didn't even notice anything on the table. Sorry again! I hope you find it At this point, I was beginning to lose all hope. Buying a new book wouldnt have been a huge deal, especially since I dont write much in my books, but the notebook was key. Then I miraculously received this email Yes, I did! Sorry, I picked up the book and notebook intending to find out who owned them, but I got distracted. I have a big thermodynamics test today which has left me scatterbrained. The test has got me jammed up today, and it would be hard for us to meet up. Can we meet Friday? Any time or place Friday is good for me. I'm sorry for the inconvenience I've caused; I should have just left the books there and in all likelihood you'd have recovered them by now. Anyway, email me back and let's find a time and place to meet up and get/give back your stuff. As you may have guessed, I was thrilled to get this email and am currently guarding my Ulysses book and notebook with my life. I am not sure what the moral of this story is, though I suppose it can be any one of the following: keep track of your stuff; learn your Athena commands; people at MIT can do great things for each other. Any others that Im missing? In any case, Im off to reread and Scylla and Charybdis to try and figure out what Stephen Dedaluss deal is.

Risk Factors of Psychological Maltreatment Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The paper tells that the consequences of psychological maltreatment remain glued as one of the characteristics of a child throughout his or her life. In connection with this, it is apparent that victims of psychological maltreatment become incompetent adults; they do not develop to their full potentials. In relation to this, Aduele warns that students should not be exposed to psychological maltreatment since it not only humiliate, but also dehumanize them. Apart from destroying self-image, the maltreatment makes students hate school. It not only de-motivates, but also discourages them from learning. In addition to these, it deforms their character by not only making them shy, but also confused. Psychological maltreatment disgrace and frighten students. Emotionally abused school child portrays the following symptoms: too much worry about academic performance, shift of self-perception from positive to negative, verbalize fear when talking, excessive crying when told something about sc hool, headaches, inactiveness in social activities outside class, sleep disturbances, and depression. The social effects of psychological maltreatment are very adverse. According to Aluede, Jolly and Ojugo, psychologically abused students develop feelings of inferiority and problems with stabilizing. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Factors of Psychological Maltreatment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Developing A Strong Classroom Management Style - 1513 Words

There are many factors that affects a student s ability to learn and achieve. Classroom management plays a major role in the effectiveness of education and paves the way for the teacher to engage students in learning. Classroom management creates a set of expectations, routines, rules, and consequences. Through my experience at Olson Elementary, I have had the privilege of observing Ms. Mason, her students, and how she addresses classroom management. Every teacher has their own approach on classroom management, but essentially instills and models and principles of instills the goals and structure that meet the needs of their students. A key factor in developing a strong classroom management style is having engaging instruction. Ms. Mason creates a motivating environment by using a variety of teaching methods and tools. She uses a document camera and projector to display teaching lessons to the class. She does assignments with the students, which engages the students and allows them to move at a pace that better suits them. She also incorporates the use of videos, current events, and different activity stations. She also has a compelling nature about her when speaks and interacts with her students; she is animated, sincere, and captivating. In my future classroom I would also use different teaching methods because students have different learning styles. I would incorporate more kinesthetic and hands-on learning activities. I would want to emphasize Ron Clark’s approachShow MoreRelatedI Am A Great Musician948 Words   |  4 Pagesthey were the same. The work one puts in to being a successful music educator is the similar, however, the way to go about teaching an entirely different concept. 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I do not believe that any student can gain intelligence and a true character without being introduced to a variety of teaching philosophies and styles. Education, a t any level, needs to encompass the needs and learning styles of all students; therefore, I intend on incorporating certain elements into my classroom from three main educational philosophies: Essentialism, Existentialism, and Progressivism. First and foremost, I will definitely use parts of EssentialismRead MoreDifference Between Management And Discipline1048 Words   |  5 Pagesof classes, we will create our classroom policies as a class. I will spend these days telling my students about myself and having them introduce themselves to create a class community. It is imperative that our classroom expectations and consequences are clear and fair to ensure classroom safety. I believe that there is a difference between management and discipline, and establishing the rules early on, with student input, helps a teacher better manage her classroom while disciplining when necessary

Reseach on Leukemia Free Essays

string(97) " of leukemia usually gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acute lymphocytic leukemia\." â€Å"LEUKEMIA† CANCER OF THE BLOOD INTRODUCTION â€Å"You have to realize that every well person is a miracle, it takes billions of cells to make up a person, and it will only take one cell to be bad to destroy the whole person†, this quote is from Barbara Bush from one of her past interviews about a daughter she lost with leukemia (Cunningham, 1988). This quote reminded me five years ago, when my niece was diagnosed with leukemia. She does not only have one bad cell inside her body but she has extra 330,000 counts of white blood cells that are not normal. We will write a custom essay sample on Reseach on Leukemia or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was summer of year 2008 when my niece who is freshmen in high school was diagnosed with leukemia or cancer of the blood. Leukemia is a cancer that starts in the tissue that forms blood and affects the bone marrow (Anonymous A, 2012). Leukemia is found in white blood cells or leukocytes which characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells called â€Å"blast†, they do not fully form as they should and thereby blocking production of functioning blood cells. Unlike normal blood cells, leukemia cells don’t die when they should. They may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This makes it hard for normal blood cells to do their work (Anonymous A 2012). Experiencing this type of cancer in our family makes me realize how a healthy body is truly a blessing that everybody should appreciate and learn how to take care of. Leukemia may not be the worst cancer we have right now, but many people of all ages suffer from this disease. According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2012), an estimated 274,930 people in the United States are living with or are in remission from Leukemia and an estimated 44,600 new cases of leukemia are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2011. It is also said that leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children and adolescents and is the tenth most frequently occurring type cancer of all races or ethnicities (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Leukemia is a cancer that has a significant effect on our society, it is a non-sexist or ageist cancer that we should be aware of and be educated more on. BODY I. HISTORY OF LEUKEMIA Leukemia was first observed in 1845 by a pathologist named Rudolf Virchow. He observed an abnormal large number of white blood cells in a blood sample from a patient and called this condition â€Å"Leukamie† in German, which he formed from the two Greek words leukos, meaning â€Å"white† and aima, meaning â€Å"blood†. Ten years after this discovery, another pathologist, Franz Ernst Christian Neumann found that a deceased leukemia patient’s bone marrow was colored â€Å"dirty green-yellow† as opposed normal red colored. This finding helped Neumann to conclude that a bone marrow problem was responsible for the abnormal blood leukemia patients. In 1947 pathologist Sydney Farber believed from past experiments that administering, a folic acid mimic, could potentially cure leukemia for children. In 1962, researchers Emil J. Freireich Jr. and Emil Frei III used combination of chemotherapy to attempt to cure leukemia, the test were successful with some patients surviving long after the tests (Patlak, 1998). II. FOUR TYPES OF LEUKEMIA Leukemia is grouped by how quickly the disease develops (acute or chronic), as well as by the type of blood cells that is affected (lymphocytes or myelocytes) (Anonymous A. 012). Acute leukemia cells increases rapidly and usually worsens quickly than chronic leukemia. There are four main types of leukemia which includes acute lymphocytic leukemia â€Å"ALL†, chronic lymphocytic leukemia â€Å"CLL†, acute myelocytic leukemia â€Å"AML†, and chronic myelocytic leukemia â€Å"CML†. * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia â€Å"CLL† is the most common type of leukemia (Bazell, 2011). It affects the lymphoid cells and usually grows slowly or gets worst slowly. It is also sometimes referred to as chronic lymphoblast leukemia (Anonymous B, 2012). Most often, people diagnosed with this type of leukemia are over the age of 55, it almost never affects children and more common in men than women. * Chronic myelogenous leukemia â€Å"CML† it is sometimes referred to as chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia. This type of leukemia affects the myeloid cells and usually gets worse slowly. This type of leukemia occurs frequently in adults in their 50’s and is rarely seen in children. CML is also classified into three district phases, the chronic phase, accelerated phase and the blast crisis. Knowing the CML phase plays a large part in determining the type of treatment a patient will receive (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Each phase describes the CML’s progression which determined by the number of blast cells. * Chronic Phase, this phase is made up of patients with fewer than five percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples (The Survivors Club Staff, 2012). During this phase, the white cells can still fight infection. Patients in this phase have a very mild symptoms or not noticeable. In most cases, long term drug therapy can control this phase. Accelerated Phase, in this phase, the patients have more than five percent but less than thirty percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples. Most patients within the accelerated phase suffer from loss of appetite and weight loss and do not respond as well as to traditional treatments. * Blast Crisis Phase or Acute Blast Phase, in this phase the patients has more than thirty percent blast cells and the cancer has spread from the bone marrow to other organs (The Survivor’s Club Staff, 2012). Because of elevated blast in the blood, this means lower than normal number of red blood cells and platelets. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia â€Å"ALL†, this is most common type of childhood leukemia, which accounts for about 3 out of 4 cases of leukemia in children. It usually occurs in children ages 2 through 5 years. This disease also affects adults especially those ages 65 and older. ALL is the most successful treated type of childhood leukemia (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). This type of leukemia usually gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acute lymphocytic leukemia. You read "Reseach on Leukemia" in category "Papers" * Acute Myelogenous Leukemia â€Å"AML† occurs more commonly in men than women and more with adults than children. The incidence of AML increases with age. This is a kind of leukemia that gets worse quickly and sometimes referred to as acyte myeloid leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and myeloblastic leukemia (Anonymous, 2012). III. SIGNS SYMPTOMS OF LEUKEMIA Like many other cancer, leukemia usually is diagnosed when it is in the accelerated stage because people usually go to the doctor only when they feel sick, and most often than not the symptoms for leukemia manifest when there is already a large amount of blast in the blood. People with chronic leukemia may not even have symptoms until it is in the accelerated phase. Because leukemia is characterized by rapid increase in the number of immature blood cells and by the excessive buildup of relative mature, but still abnormal white blood cells. The crowding of blast in the blood makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells which results in lack of red blood cells that carries oxygen, lack of platelets which is important in blood clotting process and lack of healthy white blood cells which are important in fighting infections. When there is lack of platelets in the body this result in easy bruising or bleeding. Lack of red blood cells leads to paleness and fatigue due to anemia. With lack of healthy white blood cells the body is susceptible to infections and this could lead to patient experiencing frequent infection ranging from infected tonsils, sores in the mouth or diarrhea to life threatening infections (Morgan, 2010). Other symptoms of chronic and acute leukemia may include fevers or night sweats, weight loss for no known reason, pain in the bones or joints, swelling or discomfort in the abdomen from a swollen spleen or liver. Having the symptoms mentioned above does not necessary mean that a person has leukemia. If a person is experiencing more than one of the symptoms it is best to check with their doctor or a health care provider and do some blood test, only then can the doctor tell if a person has leukemia or not. Ignoring warning signs and symptoms can make a treatable condition terminal. The sooner a person checks with their doctor the better chances they have in fighting any disease. III. CAUSE OF LEUKEMIA The exact cause of leukemia is not known and there is no known way to prevent this disease. Many doctors seldom know why one person gets leukemia and the other doesn’t (Anonymous A, 2012). However, according to the National Cancer Institute (2011), there are researches which show that certain risk factors increase the chance that a person will get leukemia. Some of the risk factors are radiation, smoking, benzene, chemotherapy, down syndrome and certain other inherited diseases, certain other blood disorders and family history of leukemia. Exposure to a very high level of radiation will make the person much more likely to get AML, CML and ALL. Exposure to radiation can come from atomic bomb explosions, radiation therapy and diagnostics x-rays. Smoking can also increase the risk of AMC. The average smoker is exposed to about 10 times the daily intake of benzene compared to nonsmokers (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2012). Benzene is widely used in the chemical industry and it is also found in cigarette smoke and gasoline, exposure to benzene can increase a person’s risk of getting AMC. Chemotherapy, down syndrome and other inherited disease, certain blood disorder such as myelodysplastic syndrome and family history of leukemia are all linked with increasing the risk of leukemia. IV. TREATMENT The ability to listen to one’s body is an important first step in finding a problem, so it can be properly diagnosed and treated (Wedro, 2012). The diagnosis of leukemia starts by going to the doctor and having a blood test. If the person is tested positive for leukemia then bone marrow aspiration test might be needed to check for the blood cells that cause leukemia and what type of leukemia it is. People with leukemia have many treatment options these days. According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (2012), chances in surviving this disease is a lot better today than they were 40 years ago. The overall five-year survival rate for leukemia has nearly quadrupled in the past 50 years. From 1960 to 1963, the five-year relative survival rate among whites with leukemia was 14 percent, then it went up to 34. 4 percent from 1975 to 1977 and from 2001 to 2007, the overall relative survival rate was at 56. 6 percent. Treatment of this disease also depends on the type of leukemia, the age of the patient and if leukemia cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment for leukemia can be one or combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy and stem cell transplant. * Chemotherapy is probably the most common type of treatment for cancer. Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy leukemia cells. A patient may receive chemotherapy by mouth, which are pills that can be swallowed, by vein or tube inserted into the vein. Another way to receive the drug is through catheter where a tube is placed in a large vein in the upper chest and drugs will be injected into the catheter rather than directly into veins. The drugs can also be received into the cerebrospinal fluid by injecting drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid * Targeted therapy is another treatment for people with chronic myeloid leukemia and some with acute lymphoblast leukemia. This type of therapy use drugs such as Imatinib (Gleevec) tablets that block the growth of leukemia cells, it blocks the action of an abnormal protein that stimulates the rowth of leukemia cells (National Cancer Institute, 2011). * Biological therapy for leukemia is a treatment that improves the body’s natural defenses against the disease. This is a substance that can be injected directly into the muscle or can be given by IV infusion. * Radiation Therapy or radiotherapy is another treatment for leukemia; it uses high energy rays to kill leukemia cells. Som e people receive radiation therapy from a large machine that is aimed at the spleen, the brain, or other parts of the body where leukemia cells have collected. Others may receive radiation that is directly to the whole body. Radiotherapy is a standard treatment for many types of cancer (Anonymous, 2012). * Stem Cell Transplant is the replacement of damaged bone marrow cell with healthy cells. Stem cells that are used for transplants can be taken from bone marrow, from the bloodstream, or from umbilical cord blood. This treatment is used to treat the disease that damage or destroy the bone marrow and to restore the bone marrow after it has been destroyed by high doses of radiation and chemotherapy. Stem cells may come from the patient, from identical twin, family member and from other donor. People with acute leukemia need treatment right away and the goal of the treatment is to destroy signs of leukemia in the body and make symptoms go away. Many people with acute leukemia can be cured. (National Cancer Institute, 2011). If a person has chronic leukemia without symptoms, they may not need a cancer treatment right away. When treatment for chronic leukemia is needed, it can often control the disease and its symptoms. Unfortunately, CLL is probably incurable by present treatments as chronic leukemia can seldom be cured with chemotherapy. However, stem cell transplants offer people with chronic leukemia the chance for cure (National Cancer Institute, 2011). With all the technology available to us right now and with all the research and studies being done to find a new and better ways to treat leukemia, I’m hopeful that a cure for all types of leukemia will be discovered soon. CONCLUSION Learning you have leukemia or one of your loved ones have this disease can definitely change your live and the lives of those people around you. When we learned about my niece’s condition 5 years ago, there was a dramatic change in our family on how we viewed life and the importance of having a healthy body. My niece Shayna has gone through a lot of test, procedures and treatments because of this disease, it is probably her positive outlook in life and prayer that helped her fight this disease. Although Shayna is still taking Gleevec every day to block the growth of leukemia cells, her doctors already considered her to be in remission. She had normal blood counts for over four years now. In any disease, may it be cancer, diabetes, pneumonia or any life threatening or non-life threatening disease, it is important to listen to your body and do the first step of getting checked by a health care professional. It is also important to take life’s obstacle with a positive outlook and to have faith and hope from your love ones, from your health care provider, from yourself and from God, for all these would help a person deal and survive any disease. How to cite Reseach on Leukemia, Papers

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